Against this background, a panel chaired by Savvas Papasavvas, Vice-President of the General Court of the European Union, examined how courts can remain effective, independent and resilient while responding to growing demand, increasingly complex disputes and institutional pressures.

Andreas Zünd, Judge at the European Court of Human Rights and ELI Co-Reporter of ELI project on Case- Overload at the European Court of Human Rights: An Update, addressed the management of judicial caseloads while safeguarding effective human rights protection. Ingrid Derveaux, Secretary-General of the European Judicial Training Network, focused on the role of judicial training in building resilient, digital and effective judiciaries.

José Igreja Matos, President of the Consultative Council of European Judges, examined court backlogs as a structural challenge with implications for judicial independence. Christophe Bernasconi, Secretary General of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, turned to cross-border litigation and the institutional demands created by an increasingly interconnected legal environment, while Laurent Pettiti, President of the Delegation of the Bars of France, addressed access to justice and effective remedies.

The discussion also explored the opportunities and risks presented by artificial intelligence, institutional resources and reform, and how greater efficiency can be achieved without compromising fairness or the quality of justice.